The vertebral column or backbone is a hard, bumpy structure that protects the spinal cord, a crucial part of the nervous system, by providing a physical barrier.

The brain is protected by being enclosed in a bony box, and within this, it is surrounded by a fluid-filled balloon, which acts as an additional layer for shock absorption.

The cerebellum is responsible for ensuring the precision of voluntary actions, as well as maintaining the posture and balance of the body during activities such as walking, riding a bicycle, or picking up a pencil.

The medulla in the hind-brain is identified as the region responsible for controlling various involuntary actions, including blood pressure regulation, salivation, and vomiting.

The mid-brain and hind-brain are responsible for controlling involuntary muscle movements, such as those involved in activities like blood pressure regulation, salivation, and vomiting.

The sensation of feeling full is associated with a separate center in the fore-brain, indicating that certain sensations, like hunger and satiety, have specialized areas beyond those dedicated to traditional sensory experiences.

Lymphatic capillaries collect tissue fluid or lymph from intercellular spaces, and larger lymph vessels drain into veins. This process helps regulate fluid balance by returning excess fluid from the extracellular space back into the blood, ensuring efficient circulation.

Lymph or tissue fluid is formed when plasma, proteins, and blood cells escape through capillary walls into intercellular spaces. It serves as a colorless fluid similar to blood plasma, with fewer proteins. Lymph drains excess fluid and carries digested fats ...

Platelet cells circulate in the blood to plug leaks in the circulatory system, helping to clot blood at points of injury. This response minimizes blood loss and maintains the efficiency of the pumping system.

Capillaries, with walls one-cell thick, allow for efficient exchange of materials between the blood and surrounding cells. This thin barrier facilitates the diffusion of substances like oxygen and nutrients into tissues and the removal of waste products.