Pastoralists did adapt to new times. (i) They changed the paths of their annual movement, reduced their cattle numbers, pressed for rights to enter new areas, exerted political pressure on the government for relief and subsidy and demanded a right in the management of forests and water resources. (iRead more
Pastoralists did adapt to new times.
(i) They changed the paths of their annual movement, reduced their cattle numbers, pressed for rights to enter new areas, exerted political pressure on the government for relief and subsidy and demanded a right in the management of forests and water resources.
(ii) Pastoralists are not relics of the past’ They are not people who have no place in the modern world.
(iii)Environmentalists and economists increasingly came to recognise that pastoral nomadism was a form of life that was perfectly suited to many hilly and dry regions of the world’
Pastoral community in different parts of the world was affected in a variety of ways by changes in the modern world. (i) New laws and new borders affected the patterns of their movement. with increasing restrictions on their mobility pastoralists found it difficult to move in search of pastures. (iiRead more
Pastoral community in different parts of the world was affected in a variety of ways by changes in the modern world.
(i) New laws and new borders affected the patterns of their movement. with increasing restrictions on their mobility pastoralists found it difficult to move in search of pastures.
(ii) As pasture lands disappeared, grazing became a problem and pastures deteriorated through continuous overgrazing.
(iii) Times of drought became times of crises, when cattle died in large numbers.
(i) The warriors consisted of younger people, mainly responsible for. The protection of the tribe. (ii) They defended the community and organised cattle raids. Raiding was important in a society where cattle was wealth. It is through raids that the power of different pastoral groups was asserted. (iRead more
(i) The warriors consisted of younger people, mainly responsible for. The protection of the tribe.
(ii) They defended the community and organised cattle raids. Raiding was important in a society where cattle was wealth. It is through raids that the power of different pastoral groups was asserted.
(iii) Young men came to be recognised as members of the warrior class, when they proved their manliness by raiding the cattle of other pastoral groups and participating in wars. They, however were subject to the authority of the elders.
(i) Large areas of grazing land were also turned into game reserves like the Maasai Mara and Samburu National Park in Kenya and Serengeti Park in Tanzania. (ii) Pastoralists were not allowed to enter these reserves; they could neither hunt animals nor- graze their herds in those arrears. (iii) VeryRead more
(i) Large areas of grazing land were also turned into game reserves like the Maasai Mara and Samburu National Park in Kenya and Serengeti Park in Tanzania.
(ii) Pastoralists were not allowed to enter these reserves; they could neither hunt animals nor- graze their herds in those arrears.
(iii) Very often these reserves were in areas that had traditionally been regular grazing grounds for Maasai herds.
(i) Britain conquered what had been German East Africa during the First World war. (ii) In 1919, Thnganyika came under British control. (iii) It attained independence in 1961 and united with zanzlbar ro form Tanzania 1964.
(i) Britain conquered what had been German East Africa during the First World war.
(ii) In 1919, Thnganyika came under British control.
(iii) It attained independence in 1961 and united with zanzlbar ro form
Tanzania 1964.
(i) By the end of April, they began their northern march tor their summer grazing grounds. (ii) Several households came together for this journey, forming what is known as Kafila. They crossed the Pir Panjal passes and entered the valley of Kashmir. (iii) With the onset of summer, the snow melted anRead more
(i) By the end of April, they began their northern march tor their summer grazing grounds.
(ii) Several households came together for this journey, forming what is known as Kafila. They crossed the Pir Panjal passes and entered the valley of Kashmir.
(iii) With the onset of summer, the snow melted and the mountain sides were lush green. The variety of grasses the sprouted, provided rich nutritious forage for the animal herds.
(iv) By the end of September the Bakarwals were on the move again, this time on their downward journey back to their winter base. When the high mountains were covered with snow, the herds were grazed in the low hills.
(i) poor pastoralists who depended only on their livestock did not have resources to tide over bad times. In times of war and famine, they lost nearly everything. (ii) They had to go looking for work in towns' (iii) Some managed a living by working as charcoal burners or by doing other odd jobs. TheRead more
(i) poor pastoralists who depended only on their livestock did not have resources to tide over bad times. In times of war and famine, they lost nearly everything.
(ii) They had to go looking for work in towns’
(iii) Some managed a living by working as charcoal burners or by doing other odd jobs. The lucky ones got more regular work in road or building construction
(i) Maasais were bound to a fixed area, confined within a reserve and prohibited from moving in search of pastures' (ii) They were not allowed to the best grazing lands and were forced to live in semi-arid regions that were prone to frequent droughts' (iii) As a result, a large number of Maasai cattRead more
(i) Maasais were bound to a fixed area, confined within a reserve and prohibited from moving in search of pastures’
(ii) They were not allowed to the best grazing lands and were forced to live in semi-arid regions that were prone to frequent droughts’
(iii) As a result, a large number of Maasai cattle died of starvation and diseases during the drought Years.
The frequent bad years led to a steady decline of the livestock of pastoralists.
(i) When the rains fail and the pastures are dry, cattle are likely to starve unless they are shifted to areas where forage is available. (ii) That is why, traditionally, pastoralists are nomadic i.e. they move from place to Place. (iii) This nomadism allows them to survive bad times and avoid criseRead more
(i) When the rains fail and the pastures are dry, cattle are likely to starve unless they are shifted to areas where forage is available.
(ii) That is why, traditionally, pastoralists are nomadic i.e. they move from place to Place.
(iii) This nomadism allows them to survive bad times and avoid crises like droughts.
(i) pastoral groups were also forced to live within the confines of special reserves. These groups could not move out without special permit. It was difficult to get permit without trouble and harassment. Those found guilty of disobeying the rules were severely punished' (ii) Pastoralists were not aRead more
(i) pastoral groups were also forced to live within the confines of special reserves. These groups could not move out without special permit. It was difficult to get permit without trouble and harassment. Those found guilty of disobeying the rules were severely punished’
(ii) Pastoralists were not allowed to enter the markets in White areas. They were also prohibited from participating in any form of trade. White settlers never wanted to have any contact with the Blacks but it was not possible since they depended on Black labour for working in the mines,
building roads and towns, etc’
How did pastoralists adapt to new times?
Pastoralists did adapt to new times. (i) They changed the paths of their annual movement, reduced their cattle numbers, pressed for rights to enter new areas, exerted political pressure on the government for relief and subsidy and demanded a right in the management of forests and water resources. (iRead more
Pastoralists did adapt to new times.
See less(i) They changed the paths of their annual movement, reduced their cattle numbers, pressed for rights to enter new areas, exerted political pressure on the government for relief and subsidy and demanded a right in the management of forests and water resources.
(ii) Pastoralists are not relics of the past’ They are not people who have no place in the modern world.
(iii)Environmentalists and economists increasingly came to recognise that pastoral nomadism was a form of life that was perfectly suited to many hilly and dry regions of the world’
How was pastoral community of the world affected by changes in the modern world?
Pastoral community in different parts of the world was affected in a variety of ways by changes in the modern world. (i) New laws and new borders affected the patterns of their movement. with increasing restrictions on their mobility pastoralists found it difficult to move in search of pastures. (iiRead more
Pastoral community in different parts of the world was affected in a variety of ways by changes in the modern world.
See less(i) New laws and new borders affected the patterns of their movement. with increasing restrictions on their mobility pastoralists found it difficult to move in search of pastures.
(ii) As pasture lands disappeared, grazing became a problem and pastures deteriorated through continuous overgrazing.
(iii) Times of drought became times of crises, when cattle died in large numbers.
How did the warriors of Maasailand defend their community?
(i) The warriors consisted of younger people, mainly responsible for. The protection of the tribe. (ii) They defended the community and organised cattle raids. Raiding was important in a society where cattle was wealth. It is through raids that the power of different pastoral groups was asserted. (iRead more
(i) The warriors consisted of younger people, mainly responsible for. The protection of the tribe.
See less(ii) They defended the community and organised cattle raids. Raiding was important in a society where cattle was wealth. It is through raids that the power of different pastoral groups was asserted.
(iii) Young men came to be recognised as members of the warrior class, when they proved their manliness by raiding the cattle of other pastoral groups and participating in wars. They, however were subject to the authority of the elders.
Which grazing lands of Kenya were converted into national parks?
(i) Large areas of grazing land were also turned into game reserves like the Maasai Mara and Samburu National Park in Kenya and Serengeti Park in Tanzania. (ii) Pastoralists were not allowed to enter these reserves; they could neither hunt animals nor- graze their herds in those arrears. (iii) VeryRead more
(i) Large areas of grazing land were also turned into game reserves like the Maasai Mara and Samburu National Park in Kenya and Serengeti Park in Tanzania.
See less(ii) Pastoralists were not allowed to enter these reserves; they could neither hunt animals nor- graze their herds in those arrears.
(iii) Very often these reserves were in areas that had traditionally been regular grazing grounds for Maasai herds.
What do you know about Thnganyika?
(i) Britain conquered what had been German East Africa during the First World war. (ii) In 1919, Thnganyika came under British control. (iii) It attained independence in 1961 and united with zanzlbar ro form Tanzania 1964.
(i) Britain conquered what had been German East Africa during the First World war.
See less(ii) In 1919, Thnganyika came under British control.
(iii) It attained independence in 1961 and united with zanzlbar ro form
Tanzania 1964.
Why did pastoral nomads of Jammu and Kashmir migrate?
(i) By the end of April, they began their northern march tor their summer grazing grounds. (ii) Several households came together for this journey, forming what is known as Kafila. They crossed the Pir Panjal passes and entered the valley of Kashmir. (iii) With the onset of summer, the snow melted anRead more
(i) By the end of April, they began their northern march tor their summer grazing grounds.
See less(ii) Several households came together for this journey, forming what is known as Kafila. They crossed the Pir Panjal passes and entered the valley of Kashmir.
(iii) With the onset of summer, the snow melted and the mountain sides were lush green. The variety of grasses the sprouted, provided rich nutritious forage for the animal herds.
(iv) By the end of September the Bakarwals were on the move again, this time on their downward journey back to their winter base. When the high mountains were covered with snow, the herds were grazed in the low hills.
How did poor Pastoralists live without their livestock?
(i) poor pastoralists who depended only on their livestock did not have resources to tide over bad times. In times of war and famine, they lost nearly everything. (ii) They had to go looking for work in towns' (iii) Some managed a living by working as charcoal burners or by doing other odd jobs. TheRead more
(i) poor pastoralists who depended only on their livestock did not have resources to tide over bad times. In times of war and famine, they lost nearly everything.
See less(ii) They had to go looking for work in towns’
(iii) Some managed a living by working as charcoal burners or by doing other odd jobs. The lucky ones got more regular work in road or building construction
How were the Maasais restricted to a confined area by the colonial people?
(i) Maasais were bound to a fixed area, confined within a reserve and prohibited from moving in search of pastures' (ii) They were not allowed to the best grazing lands and were forced to live in semi-arid regions that were prone to frequent droughts' (iii) As a result, a large number of Maasai cattRead more
(i) Maasais were bound to a fixed area, confined within a reserve and prohibited from moving in search of pastures’
See less(ii) They were not allowed to the best grazing lands and were forced to live in semi-arid regions that were prone to frequent droughts’
(iii) As a result, a large number of Maasai cattle died of starvation and diseases during the drought Years.
The frequent bad years led to a steady decline of the livestock of pastoralists.
How have droughts affected pastoralists?
(i) When the rains fail and the pastures are dry, cattle are likely to starve unless they are shifted to areas where forage is available. (ii) That is why, traditionally, pastoralists are nomadic i.e. they move from place to Place. (iii) This nomadism allows them to survive bad times and avoid criseRead more
(i) When the rains fail and the pastures are dry, cattle are likely to starve unless they are shifted to areas where forage is available.
See less(ii) That is why, traditionally, pastoralists are nomadic i.e. they move from place to Place.
(iii) This nomadism allows them to survive bad times and avoid crises like droughts.
What restrictions were imposed on the pastoralists by the colonial government?
(i) pastoral groups were also forced to live within the confines of special reserves. These groups could not move out without special permit. It was difficult to get permit without trouble and harassment. Those found guilty of disobeying the rules were severely punished' (ii) Pastoralists were not aRead more
(i) pastoral groups were also forced to live within the confines of special reserves. These groups could not move out without special permit. It was difficult to get permit without trouble and harassment. Those found guilty of disobeying the rules were severely punished’
See less(ii) Pastoralists were not allowed to enter the markets in White areas. They were also prohibited from participating in any form of trade. White settlers never wanted to have any contact with the Blacks but it was not possible since they depended on Black labour for working in the mines,
building roads and towns, etc’