1. 1. Pole Locations: Bar magnets have two poles, the north pole and the south pole. 2. Ends of the Magnet: Each pole is situated at opposite ends of the magnet. 3. Distinct Magnetic Influence: North and south poles create the magnet's regions of magnetic force.

    1. Pole Locations: Bar magnets have two poles, the north pole and the south pole.
    2. Ends of the Magnet: Each pole is situated at opposite ends of the magnet.
    3. Distinct Magnetic Influence: North and south poles create the magnet’s regions of magnetic force.

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  2. 1. Magnet Interaction: Use another magnet; the north pole of the bar magnet attracts the south pole of the known magnet and repels its north pole. 2. Compass Test: Place a compass near the bar magnet; the end that attracts the north-seeking needle is the south pole, making the other end the north poRead more

    1. Magnet Interaction: Use another magnet; the north pole of the bar magnet attracts the south pole of the known magnet and repels its north pole.
    2. Compass Test: Place a compass near the bar magnet; the end that attracts the north-seeking needle is the south pole, making the other end the north pole.

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  3. 1. Rubbing with Magnet: Stroke an iron strip with a magnet repeatedly in one direction. 2. Magnetic Field Alignment: Magnet's north pole aligns with the iron; domains in the iron align. 3. Magnetization: Repeated rubbing aligns domains, turning the iron strip into a magnet with magnetic properties.

    1. Rubbing with Magnet: Stroke an iron strip with a magnet repeatedly in one direction.
    2. Magnetic Field Alignment: Magnet’s north pole aligns with the iron; domains in the iron align.
    3. Magnetization: Repeated rubbing aligns domains, turning the iron strip into a magnet with magnetic properties.

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  4. Molar Mass Calculation: (a) Ethyne, C2H2: - Molar mass = 2 x Atomic mass of C + 2 x Atomic mass of H - Molar mass = 2 x 12g/mol + 2 x 1g/mol = 26g/mol (b) Sulphur molecule, S8: - Molar mass = 8 x Atomic mass of S - Molar mass = 8 x 32g/mol = 256g/mol (c) Phosphorus molecule, P4: - Molar mass = 4 x ARead more

    Molar Mass Calculation:
    (a) Ethyne, C2H2:
    – Molar mass = 2 x Atomic mass of C + 2 x Atomic mass of H
    – Molar mass = 2 x 12g/mol + 2 x 1g/mol = 26g/mol

    (b) Sulphur molecule, S8:
    – Molar mass = 8 x Atomic mass of S
    – Molar mass = 8 x 32g/mol = 256g/mol

    (c) Phosphorus molecule, P4:
    – Molar mass = 4 x Atomic mass of P
    – Molar mass = 4 x 31g/mol = 124g/mol

    (d) Hydrochloric acid, HCl:
    – Molar mass = Atomic mass of H + Atomic mass of Cl
    – Molar mass = 1g/mol + 35.5g/mol = 36.5g/mol

    (e) Nitric acid, HNO3:
    – Molar mass = Atomic mass of H + Atomic mass of N + 3 x Atomic mass of O
    – Molar mass = 1g/mol + 14g/mol + 3 x 16g/mol = 63g/mol

    Summary of Molar Masses:
    (a) Ethyne, C2H2: 26 g/mol
    (b) Sulphur molecule, S8: 256 g/mol
    (c) Phosphorus molecule, P4: 124 g/mol
    (d) Hydrochloric acid, HCl: 36.5 g/mol
    (e) Nitric acid, HNO3: 63 g/mol

    These molar masses represent the mass of one mole of each substance, aiding in calculations involving quantities of substances in chemical reactions.

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  5. Reaction Description: In this reaction, sodium carbonate reacts with ethanoic acid to produce sodium ethanoate, carbon dioxide, and water. The equation can be represented as follows: Na2CO3 + 2CH3COOH → 2 CH3COONa + CO2 + H2O Given Information: - Mass of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) = 5.3g - Mass of etRead more

    Reaction Description:
    In this reaction, sodium carbonate reacts with ethanoic acid to produce sodium ethanoate, carbon dioxide, and water.

    The equation can be represented as follows:
    Na2CO3 + 2CH3COOH → 2 CH3COONa + CO2 + H2O

    Given Information:
    – Mass of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) = 5.3g
    – Mass of ethanoic acid (CH3COOH) = 6g
    – Mass of sodium ethanoate (CH3COONa) = 8.2g
    – Mass of carbon dioxide (CO2) = 2.2g
    – Mass of water (H2O) = 0.9g

    Analysis:
    1. Total Mass before the Reaction:
    – Mass of sodium carbonate + Mass of ethanoic acid = 5.3g + 6g = 11.3g

    2. Total Mass after the Reaction:
    – Mass of sodium ethanoate + Mass of carbon dioxide + Mass of water = 8.2g + 2.2g + 0.9g = 11.3g

    Conclusion:
    The total mass before the reaction matches the total mass after the reaction, both equaling 11.3 grams. This observation aligns perfectly with the law of conservation of mass.

    Explanation:
    – Conservation of Mass Principle: This law states that in any chemical reaction, the total mass of the substances before the reaction is equal to the total mass of the substances after the reaction.

    – Observation Comparison:
    – Before Reaction:
    – Mass of sodium carbonate + Mass of ethanoic acid = 5.3g + 6g = 11.3g
    – After Reaction:
    – Mass of sodium ethanoate + Mass of carbon dioxide + Mass of water = 8.2g + 2.2g + 0.9g = 11.3g

    – Equality in Mass:
    – The total mass before the reaction matches the total mass after the reaction, both being 11.3 grams.

    – Implication:
    – This correspondence confirms that no mass is either lost or gained during the chemical reaction between sodium carbonate and ethanoic acid.

    – Conclusion:
    – The given observations align perfectly with the law of conservation of mass, demonstrating that mass remains constant in a chemical reaction, affirming a fundamental principle in chemistry.

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