Firoz Tughlaq introduced welfare-oriented policies, including providing employment to the unemployed. He organised large public works—canals, gardens, buildings—and absorbed many jobless people into these projects. Through state-funded employment schemes, he aimed to reduce social distress and maintain stability. His approach ...
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Firoz Shah Tughlaq (1351–1388) improved fruit quality by establishing over 1,200 gardens around Delhi, focusing heavily on horticulture. This administrative effort, part of his public works, significantly increased the cultivation and quality of various fruits, such as his favorite, grapes, ...
Firoz Tughlaq is known for maintaining the largest number of slaves, reportedly around 1,80,000. He believed slave labour could assist in administration, construction projects and royal service. These slaves performed various duties, from agriculture to palace work. His policy of ...
After Timur’s devastating invasion of Delhi in 1398, the weakened Tughlaq dynasty collapsed. Power gradually passed to the Sayyid dynasty, founded by Khizr Khan in 1414. The Sayyids ruled as Timur’s nominal representatives but exercised local authority, marking the beginning ...
During the Sultanate period, the Chaudhary was regarded as the most important rural land revenue officer. He acted as the head of local villages, supervised revenue collection, ensured timely payments and maintained order. Chaudharis also mediated disputes and represented villages ...