Synthetic cells raise ethical issues like safety risks, misuse and environmental harm. There are concerns about creating artificial life, controlling its use and ensuring it does not negatively affect natural ecosystems.
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(i) Osmosis concept. (ii) High salt or sugar removes water from microbes, stopping growth. (iii) Lemon pickle or amla murabba. (iv) Scientific thinking, resource management, sustainability and prevention of food wastage.
The future of synthetic cells is promising. They may help produce medicines, vaccines and biofuels. Scientists can design cells for useful purposes, improving healthcare, industry and environmental protection through advanced biotechnology.
If gametes are formed by mitosis, they will have the same chromosome number as body cells. Fertilisation would double the chromosome number, causing genetic imbalance.
Proteins are made in rough ER and lipids in smooth ER. They are modified in Golgi apparatus and transported to the cell membrane through vesicles, forming the membrane.