1. Napoleon, despite being a monarch, played a vital role in spreading revolutionary nationalism in Europe. 1. Napoleon, though a monarch, helped spread revolutionary ideals of nationalism across Europe. His Napoleonic Code of 1804 abolished privileges based on birth. 2. It ensured equality before lawRead more

    Napoleon, despite being a monarch, played a vital role in spreading revolutionary nationalism in Europe.

    1. Napoleon, though a monarch, helped spread revolutionary ideals of nationalism across Europe. His Napoleonic Code of 1804 abolished privileges based on birth.

    2. It ensured equality before law and protected property rights. The feudal system was abolished and administrative divisions were simplified.

    3. In conquered regions, he introduced uniform laws, standard weights and measures. He also improved transport and communication, promoting economic unity and spreading ideas of liberty and equality.

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  2. The Treaty of Vienna (1815) restored monarchies, redrew European boundaries, strengthened states around France, returned the Bourbon dynasty and established a conservative order to maintain peace and stability. As: The Bourbon dynasty, which had been removed during the French Revolution, was broughtRead more

    The Treaty of Vienna (1815) restored monarchies, redrew European boundaries, strengthened states around France, returned the Bourbon dynasty and established a conservative order to maintain peace and stability. As:

    1. The Bourbon dynasty, which had been removed during the French Revolution, was brought back to power and France lost all territories it had gained under Napoleon’s rule.
    2. Several buffer states were created around France to stop any future expansion. The Kingdom of the Netherlands, including Belgium, was formed in the north, while Genoa was merged with Piedmont in the south.
    3. Prussia received new territories along its western borders and Austria gained control over northern Italy.
    4. The German Confederation, consisting of 39 states established by Napoleon, remained unchanged. In the east, Russia obtained part of Poland and Prussia received a portion of Saxony.
    5. The main goal was to restore the monarchies overthrown by Napoleon and to establish a conservative order across Europe.
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  3. (8.1) ANSWER: Newspapers were suppressed in 1942 under the Defence of India Act because they reported on the Quit India Movement and criticized British rule. The colonial government feared that such reports would inspire public unrest and fuel nationalist sentiments against their authority during thRead more

    (8.1) ANSWER: Newspapers were suppressed in 1942 under the Defence of India Act because they reported on the Quit India Movement and criticized British rule. The colonial government feared that such reports would inspire public unrest and fuel nationalist sentiments against their authority during the Second World War.

    (8.2) ANSWER: The colonial government’s strict censorship and repressive press policies intensified nationalist feelings among Indians. Suppression of newspapers exposed the oppressive nature of British rule, uniting people against injustice. It inspired freedom fighters to use the press as a tool for spreading awareness and mobilizing public resistance.

    (8.3) ANSWER: The press in colonial India played a crucial role in awakening national consciousness. It spread patriotic ideas, criticized British exploitation and exposed colonial injustices. Despite censorship and suppression, newspapers became powerful instruments for uniting people, promoting reform and strengthening the movement for India’s independence.

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  4. The correct answer is (d) an equitable distribution of resources, because it promotes fairness and balanced access for all sections of society. This is a goal, not a problem. In contrast, options (a), (b) and (c) represent serious challenges such as greed-based depletion, concentration of resourcesRead more

    The correct answer is (d) an equitable distribution of resources, because it promotes fairness and balanced access for all sections of society. This is a goal, not a problem. In contrast, options (a), (b) and (c) represent serious challenges such as greed-based depletion, concentration of resources among elites and reckless exploitation, which create inequality and environmental damage.

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  5. The correct answer is (a) since the passage specifically mentions that India’s cotton production is declining due to a reduced cultivation area and crop damage from excessive rainfall. It also states that exports will decrease, not increase, which means option (b) is incorrect. Neither sugarcane shiRead more

    The correct answer is (a) since the passage specifically mentions that India’s cotton production is declining due to a reduced cultivation area and crop damage from excessive rainfall. It also states that exports will decrease, not increase, which means option (b) is incorrect. Neither sugarcane shift nor government restrictions were mentioned, confirming option (a) as the accurate choice.

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