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  1. The earliest recorded defeat of Muhammad Ghori on Indian soil occurred in 1178 CE at the Battle of Kayadara, near Mount Abu. Ghori attempted to invade Gujarat through the Gomal Pass and enter western India. Solanki ruler Bhima II successfully mobilized his regional forces and confronted the advancinRead more

    The earliest recorded defeat of Muhammad Ghori on Indian soil occurred in 1178 CE at the Battle of Kayadara, near Mount Abu. Ghori attempted to invade Gujarat through the Gomal Pass and enter western India. Solanki ruler Bhima II successfully mobilized his regional forces and confronted the advancing Ghurid army. Ghori’s troops, unprepared for the harsh desert terrain and strong Rajput resistance, were defeated and forced to retreat. This setback changed Ghori’s future military strategy: he abandoned the western route into India and instead turned toward Punjab, where the Ghaznavid rule had weakened. This redirection shaped later campaigns in India.

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  2. Bhatinda, also known as Tabarhinda, was a major frontier fort that controlled important communication and trade routes in northwestern India. When Muhammad Ghori captured this fort in 1191 CE, it directly challenged the authority of the powerful Chauhan ruler, Prithviraj. Prithviraj saw this as a deRead more

    Bhatinda, also known as Tabarhinda, was a major frontier fort that controlled important communication and trade routes in northwestern India. When Muhammad Ghori captured this fort in 1191 CE, it directly challenged the authority of the powerful Chauhan ruler, Prithviraj. Prithviraj saw this as a deliberate attempt by Ghori to gain permanent foothold in India. This dispute led to Prithviraj marching against Ghori, resulting in the First Battle of Tarain where Ghori was defeated. However, Ghori later returned with a well-organised army, leading to the Second Battle of Tarain in 1192, which decisively shifted power in northern India.

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  3. The Second Battle of Tarain, fought in 1192 CE, is considered Muhammad Ghori’s most influential and historically decisive Indian campaign. After facing defeat in the First Battle of Tarain, Ghori returned with a reorganised and disciplined army. This time, he strategically used swift cavalry attacksRead more

    The Second Battle of Tarain, fought in 1192 CE, is considered Muhammad Ghori’s most influential and historically decisive Indian campaign. After facing defeat in the First Battle of Tarain, Ghori returned with a reorganised and disciplined army. This time, he strategically used swift cavalry attacks and archers to overpower Prithviraj Chauhan’s forces. The victory at Tarain opened the gateway for Turkish rule in north India. With Rajput resistance severely weakened, Ghori established control over Delhi and surrounding regions. He appointed Qutbuddin Aibak as his representative, whose subsequent conquests laid the foundation for the Delhi Sultanate, altering Indian history forever.

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  4. The Battle of Chandawar, fought in 1194 CE, was a major confrontation between Muhammad Ghori and Jaichand, the powerful Gahadavala ruler of Kannauj. This battle took place near Chandawar, close to the Yamuna River, where Ghori’s cavalry, skilled in rapid manoeuvres and archery, overpowered Jaichand’Read more

    The Battle of Chandawar, fought in 1194 CE, was a major confrontation between Muhammad Ghori and Jaichand, the powerful Gahadavala ruler of Kannauj. This battle took place near Chandawar, close to the Yamuna River, where Ghori’s cavalry, skilled in rapid manoeuvres and archery, overpowered Jaichand’s traditional Rajput forces. Jaichand was killed in battle, resulting in the collapse of one of the strongest Rajput kingdoms of the Ganga plains. Ghori’s victory enabled him to extend political authority over regions like Kannauj and Varanasi. This expansion consolidated Turkish control in northern India, following the earlier triumph in the Second Battle of Tarain.

     

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  5. The Khokhars of Punjab were a powerful tribal community that frequently challenged Ghori’s expanding influence. In 1205–06, Muhammad Ghori undertook a large-scale campaign to crush their uprisings, marking his final invasion in India. The Khokhars were known for their resistance against foreign contRead more

    The Khokhars of Punjab were a powerful tribal community that frequently challenged Ghori’s expanding influence. In 1205–06, Muhammad Ghori undertook a large-scale campaign to crush their uprisings, marking his final invasion in India. The Khokhars were known for their resistance against foreign control and had previously attacked Turkish forces in the region. Ghori, determined to secure his frontiers before returning to Ghazni, defeated them decisively after an intense campaign. However, the conflict weakened him physically and militarily. While travelling back to Ghazni in 1206, he was assassinated near the Indus River, making the Khokhar campaign his last Indian venture.

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