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Who among the following has painted a horrific scene of a woman burning herself on her husband’s funeral pyre to the loud sound of drums?
Ibn Battuta, the Moroccan traveller, recorded many unusual customs he witnessed in 14th-century India. One of his most striking descriptions is the horrific ritual of Sati, where a widow voluntarily—or sometimes under pressure—burned herself on her husband’s funeral pyre. Battuta wrote that loud druRead more
Ibn Battuta, the Moroccan traveller, recorded many unusual customs he witnessed in 14th-century India. One of his most striking descriptions is the horrific ritual of Sati, where a widow voluntarily—or sometimes under pressure—burned herself on her husband’s funeral pyre. Battuta wrote that loud drums were beaten during the act, possibly to mask the woman’s cries and reduce the emotional impact on spectators. His depiction is important because it comes from an unbiased foreign observer. Although Sati was never a widespread practice, accounts like his provide valuable historical evidence about regional traditions, social pressures and cultural complexities of medieval Indian society.
ANSWER:
(A) Ibn Battuta
See lessThe founder of Muslim rule in India is considered to be – (A) Muhammad Ghori (B) Iltutmish (C) Akbar (D) Babur
Muhammad Ghori is regarded as the true founder of Muslim rule in India because he established permanent political control rather than conducting temporary plundering raids like Mahmud Ghaznavi. After his decisive victory over Prithviraj Chauhan at the Second Battle of Tarain in 1192 AD, he reorganizRead more
Muhammad Ghori is regarded as the true founder of Muslim rule in India because he established permanent political control rather than conducting temporary plundering raids like Mahmud Ghaznavi. After his decisive victory over Prithviraj Chauhan at the Second Battle of Tarain in 1192 AD, he reorganized the conquered territories and appointed trusted generals, especially Qutbuddin Aibak, to administer them. Ghori’s policy focused on building a stable administrative structure that continued even after his death. His efforts directly led to the formation of the Delhi Sultanate under Aibak in 1206 AD, marking the beginning of long-lasting Muslim governance in India.
ANSWER:
(A) Muhammad Ghori
See lessWho introduced the Iqtadari system? (A) Firoz Tughlaq (B) Iltutmish (C) Muhammad bin Tughlaq (D) Ghiyasuddin Balban
Iltutmish introduced the Iqtadari system to bring order and efficiency into the Delhi Sultanate’s administration. Under this system, large areas of land called “Iqta” were assigned to military officers and nobles known as “Iqtadars.” They collected revenue from these lands and, in return, maintainedRead more
Iltutmish introduced the Iqtadari system to bring order and efficiency into the Delhi Sultanate’s administration. Under this system, large areas of land called “Iqta” were assigned to military officers and nobles known as “Iqtadars.” They collected revenue from these lands and, in return, maintained soldiers for the Sultan’s army. This arrangement reduced financial pressure on the central treasury and ensured a steady supply of troops. It also helped integrate conquered territories into a unified administrative framework. Iltutmish’s reform became a cornerstone of Sultanate governance and continued, with modifications, under later dynasties like the Khiljis, Tughlaqs and Lodis.
ANSWER:
(B) Iltutmish
See lessWho was the Indian ruler known as ‘Lakhbaksh’?
Qutbuddin Aibak earned the honorary title “Lakhbaksh,” meaning “giver of lakhs,” because of his extraordinary generosity toward scholars, Sufi saints, poets, and the poor. Even during campaigns, he distributed wealth freely among soldiers and deserving individuals. His charitable activities strengthRead more
Qutbuddin Aibak earned the honorary title “Lakhbaksh,” meaning “giver of lakhs,” because of his extraordinary generosity toward scholars, Sufi saints, poets, and the poor. Even during campaigns, he distributed wealth freely among soldiers and deserving individuals. His charitable activities strengthened his popularity and reputation for kindness, differentiating him from many contemporary rulers known for harshness. Although his reign as Sultan was relatively short, his generous image left a lasting impression. The title reflected not only his personal nature but also his efforts to build goodwill and stability during the early years of the Delhi Sultanate, ensuring loyalty and support.
ANSWER:
(B) Qutbuddin Aibak
See lessIn the 13th century, the highest military officer was – (A) Malik (B) Khan (C) Sarkhel (D) Sipahsalar
The Sipahsalar was the highest military officer in the 13th-century Delhi Sultanate, functioning much like a modern Commander-in-Chief. He supervised the entire military structure, planned campaigns, trained troops, and commanded armies during wars. The position required immense experience and persoRead more
The Sipahsalar was the highest military officer in the 13th-century Delhi Sultanate, functioning much like a modern Commander-in-Chief. He supervised the entire military structure, planned campaigns, trained troops, and commanded armies during wars. The position required immense experience and personal loyalty to the Sultan. Because military strength determined political power in the Sultanate, the Sipahsalar often held significant influence over court affairs. Many powerful nobles, including future rulers, first rose to prominence by serving in this role. The authority associated with this position played a crucial part in shaping political alliances, administrative decisions, and the overall stability of the empire.
ANSWER:
(D) Sipahsalar
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