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During whose reign did the rebellion of the plain nobles take place, culminating in the establishment of the Bahmani kingdom in 1347 AD?
The mid-14th century saw the fragmentation of Tughlaq authority in the Deccan. Discontent among local nobles, administrative pressures from Delhi and Muhammad bin Tughlaq’s disruptive policies (including heavy taxation and administrative moves) led to uprisings of the plain nobles and regional eliteRead more
The mid-14th century saw the fragmentation of Tughlaq authority in the Deccan. Discontent among local nobles, administrative pressures from Delhi and Muhammad bin Tughlaq’s disruptive policies (including heavy taxation and administrative moves) led to uprisings of the plain nobles and regional elites. This milieu enabled the founding of the Bahmani Sultanate (1347) in the Deccan — a major independent polity that emerged as central control from Delhi weakened significantly during and after Muhammad bin Tughlaq’s troubled reign.
See lessWhere did Muhammad bin Tughlaq die? (A) Daulatabad (B) Lahore (C) Thatta (D) Delhi
After a reign of ambitious but often disastrously implemented policies, Muhammad bin Tughlaq died in Thatta (in Sindh) in 1351 while campaigning or displaced during late-period conflicts. Contemporary accounts describe him travelling and campaigning in the western/southern reaches of his realm nearRead more
After a reign of ambitious but often disastrously implemented policies, Muhammad bin Tughlaq died in Thatta (in Sindh) in 1351 while campaigning or displaced during late-period conflicts. Contemporary accounts describe him travelling and campaigning in the western/southern reaches of his realm near the end of his life; his death away from Delhi emphasises the chaos of his final years and the fragmentation that followed, eventually paving the way for Firoz Shah Tughlaq’s succession.
See lessWhich Sultan gave state patronage to Jain scholars like Rajasekhara and Jinaprabha Suri?
Sultan Muhammad bin Tughlaq (r. 1325–1351) gave significant patronage to Jain scholars, demonstrating his remarkable intellectual tolerance. He invited and honored the renowned monk Jinaprabha Suri at his court in Delhi, where he was impressed by Suri's knowledge and eloquence. In return, the SultanRead more
Sultan Muhammad bin Tughlaq (r. 1325–1351) gave significant patronage to Jain scholars, demonstrating his remarkable intellectual tolerance. He invited and honored the renowned monk Jinaprabha Suri at his court in Delhi, where he was impressed by Suri’s knowledge and eloquence. In return, the Sultan granted the Jain community tax concessions and official firmans (orders) protecting their pilgrimage sites and temples, making him a unique benefactor of non-Islamic faiths among the Delhi Sultans.
See lessWhich Sultanate source gives the most detailed account of the administrative failures of Muhammad bin Tughlaq?
Ziauddin Barani’s Tarikh-i-Firoz Shahi is considered the most authoritative contemporary source describing Muhammad bin Tughlaq’s reign. Barani lived during that period and observed many of the Sultan’s experiments. He criticized Tughlaq for excessive idealism, poor planning and impractical reformsRead more
Ziauddin Barani’s Tarikh-i-Firoz Shahi is considered the most authoritative contemporary source describing Muhammad bin Tughlaq’s reign. Barani lived during that period and observed many of the Sultan’s experiments. He criticized Tughlaq for excessive idealism, poor planning and impractical reforms such as the introduction of token currency, shifting the capital and enforcing harsh revenue assessments. His writing provides detailed descriptions of administrative chaos, rebellions and economic decline. Although Barani had personal biases, his chronicle remains the primary historical reference for understanding the complex and controversial rule of Muhammad bin Tughlaq.
See lessWhich Sultan reversed Alauddin Khalji’s agrarian reforms and restored land to hereditary owners (Khuts, Muqaddams)?
Alauddin Khalji had confiscated lands from hereditary village leaders such as khuts and muqaddams to weaken their economic influence. Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq reversed this policy. He returned lands and privileges to these groups, arguing that mild governance, not strict control, promotes loyalty and betRead more
Alauddin Khalji had confiscated lands from hereditary village leaders such as khuts and muqaddams to weaken their economic influence. Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq reversed this policy. He returned lands and privileges to these groups, arguing that mild governance, not strict control, promotes loyalty and better tax compliance. His approach was conciliatory, aiming to gain the cooperation of rural elites. While this improved relations and eased tensions in the countryside, it also weakened the centralized authority that Alauddin had built. Ghiyasuddin’s policies reflect a shift from harsh centralization to a more balanced and pragmatic rural administration.
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