The historian who labeled Emperor Akbar an “enemy of Islam” was Abdul Qadir Badauni in his work, the Muntakhab-ut-Tawarikh. Badauni, who resented the decline of orthodox influence in Akbar’s court, viewed Akbar’s promotion of Sulh-e-Kul (universal peace) and the establishment of the Ibadat Khana as an assault on the true faith. He chronicled the emperor’s policies with deep hostility, accusing him of heresy and deliberately fostering un-Islamic practices to challenge religious authority.

Akbar’s last major military campaign and victory was the Conquest of Asirgarh in 1601 AD. Asirgarh was a highly strategic and nearly impregnable fortress in the Khandesh region of the Deccan. Its conquest was crucial for securing the trade routes to the Arabian Sea. The successful capture, though allegedly achieved partly through bribery, formally brought the Khandesh Sultanate into the Mughal Empire and marked the culmination of Akbar’s extensive career of territorial expansion.

The ultimate end to the century-long war with Mewar and the subsequent Treaty of Chittor in 1615 were achievements of Jahangir’s reign. Jahangir’s son, Prince Khurram, led the campaign that forced Rana Amar Singh (son of Rana Pratap) to negotiate. The treaty was highly conciliatory: the Rana accepted Mughal suzerainty but was not compelled to attend court and the fort of Chittor was returned on the condition it was not fortified. This successful resolution secured lasting peace with the most defiant Rajput house. The correct answer is (C) Jahangir.