Political parties in India face challenges such as lack of internal democracy, dynastic succession, excessive money and muscle power, underrepresentation of women and declining public trust. These problems weaken their functioning and reduce people’s faith in the democratic process.
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Democracy values every individual’s dignity and freedom. It allows people to express opinions freely, choose their leaders and live with equality and respect, unlike authoritarian systems where such rights are often suppressed.
The Silk Route linked Asia, Europe and Africa, promoting both trade and cultural exchange. Along with silk, spices and goods, people shared ideas, art, religions and technologies, creating strong cultural connections and mutual influence among different civilizations.
Europeans fled to America in the 19th century because poverty and hunger were widespread. Cities were overcrowded, jobs were scarce and deadly diseases spread quickly. People sought better living conditions, land and new opportunities for survival and prosperity in America.
Martin Luther meant that printing spread religious reform and ideas to a wider audience. It helped people read the Bible themselves, question Church authority and share new thoughts, making knowledge and reform accessible to common people. Correct Option: (c) Printing ...