The Columbia Plateau (or Columbia River Basalt Group) was formed by massive fissure eruptions of basaltic lava. Between 6 and 17 million years ago, highly fluid lava flowed out of cracks in the earth and covered over 160,000 square kilometers. ...
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Mount Stromboli, located on an island off the coast of Sicily, is nicknamed the “Lighthouse of the Mediterranean.” It has been in a state of nearly continuous, mild eruption for over 2,000 years. The glowing lava and frequent bursts of ...
The Potwar Plateau is located in northern Pakistan, bounded by the Indus and Jhelum rivers. It is a rugged, weather-worn highland that sits at the foot of the Himalayas. Geographically, it is famous for its “Salt Range” and is home ...
An Outwash Plain (or sandur) is a flat area formed by the deposition of sediments—such as sand and gravel—carried by meltwater streams flowing away from the front of a retreating glacier. These plains are characterized by “stratified drift,” meaning the ...
Tephra is a general term for all fragmented material produced and ejected into the air during a volcanic eruption. This includes everything from fine volcanic ash and dust to medium-sized lapilli and large volcanic bombs. Once tephra falls to the ...