Thionyl chloride is preferred because it forms alkyl halides along with escapable gases SO₂ and HCl, ensuring the production of pure alkyl halides. The gaseous products can be easily removed.
Why is thionyl chloride preferred in the replacement of the hydroxyl group of an alcohol with a halogen, and what are the advantages of using thionyl chloride in this reaction?
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Thionyl chloride (SOCl2) is preferred in replacing the hydroxyl group of an alcohol with a halogen due to its efficiency and selectivity. Thionyl chloride undergoes a fast and selective reaction with alcohols, converting them to alkyl chlorides. The advantages of using thionyl chloride include its ability to operate under mild conditions, avoiding harsh reaction conditions. Additionally, thionyl chloride produces gaseous by-products (HCl, SO2) which can be easily removed, facilitating the purification of the product. Overall, thionyl chloride provides a convenient and reliable method for the conversion of alcohols to alkyl chlorides in organic synthesis.