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Why is Shillong rainier than Kolkata?
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(i) The Bay of Bengal branch of S.W. monsoons approaches Shillong about
a week before it touches Kolkata. So, the early star-t of monsoons gives
Shillong more rains.
(ii) Shillong is also located on the 1500-metre high Meghalaya plateau.
A sub-branch of the Bay of Bengal branch strikes it directly. Here the
Garo, Khasi Hills capture the clouds like a funnel and cause heavy rains,
i.e. more than Kolkata.
Shillong is located on the Meghalaya Plateau at an elevation of about 1,500 meters. When the moisture-laden Bay of kolkata branch of the southwest monsoon winds approach this region, they are forced to rise along the steep slopes of the Garo, Khasi, and Jaintia Hills. As these winds ascend, they cool down, causing condensation and heavy rainfall. This phenomenon is known as orographic or relief rainfall