Having two copies of each chromosome in germ cells ensures genetic diversity and allows for independent assortment during meiosis. It also enables the restoration of the normal number of chromosomes in the progeny when germ cells combine during fertilization.
Why is it crucial for germ cells to have two copies of each chromosome, one from each parent?
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It is crucial for germ cells to have two copies of each chromosome, one from each parent, to maintain genetic diversity and stability. This process, known as sexual reproduction, involves the fusion of gametes during fertilization. Having two sets of chromosomes ensures that the offspring inherit a diverse combination of genetic material from both parents, contributing to variability among individuals. Additionally, this diploid state allows for genetic recombination during meiosis, where homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material. The combination of genetic diversity and recombination supports adaptation, evolution, and the overall health of a population by providing resilience to environmental changes.