The path of rays of light coming from a star undergoes slight variations due to the continuously changing atmospheric conditions. This fluctuation in the path of light rays results in the apparent position of the star fluctuating, leading to variations in the amount of starlight entering the eye. Consequently, the star may appear brighter at times and fainter at others.
Why does the amount of starlight entering the eye fluctuate, leading to variations in the brightness of a twinkling star?
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The amount of starlight entering the eye fluctuates, causing variations in the brightness of a twinkling star, due to atmospheric turbulence. As the starlight passes through Earth’s atmosphere, it undergoes continuous refraction, creating varying paths and intensities. These fluctuations lead to changes in the amount of starlight reaching the observer. At times, multiple paths may converge, enhancing brightness, while at other instances, paths may diverge, diminishing it. The dynamic interplay of atmospheric conditions results in the constant modulation of the received starlight, causing the observed twinkling effect and variations in the perceived brightness of the star.