NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 1
Social Science Class 10 Economics
Development 1
Important NCERT Questions Based on new NCERT Books for Session 2022-2023
Questions No: 6
Why do we use averages? Are there any limitations to their use? Illustrate with your own examples related to development.
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Average is a useful tool for making comparison of different quantities of the same category.
For example, we use averages to compute the per capita income of a country because of the there are differences in the incomes of diverse people. However, there are limitations to the use of averages. This does not show the distribution of thing between people. For an example, suppose in a country, the annual income of a fruit vendor is ₹50,000 while an MNC employee earns an annual package of ₹6,00,000. The average income of this country, therefore, will be ₹3,25,000. Both the individuals have a big difference in income but the average gives a misleading picture. The actual income or status remains unknown. One can clearly consider this as a rich country thereby ignoring the income disparity between two individuals. Averages are useful for comparison; they also hide disparities.
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(a) We use average for comparison between two countries, two persons or any two or more things.
(b) There are followed limitations to use of the average:
(i) As only one aspect is compared, it does not give true picture of different countries, persons or things. For example, students differ in height, health, talents and interests. The healthiest student may not be the most intelligent or a topper in studies. Similarly the case of the in which respect of countries or states. A country may be ahead than the other country in one field but may lag behind in the other field. So average do not give correct picture.
(ii) By average only one aspect income, size etc. in case of country, marks or participation in sports activities etc. in case of student, can be compared. All aspects or achievements are not compared.
(i) Average don not tell us about similarities or differences between two countries or persons or thing
same category .
For example, to compute the per capita income of a country, averages have to be used
because there are differences in the incomes of diverse people. However, there are
limitations to the use of averages. This does not show the distribution of thing between
people. For an example, suppose in a country, the annual income of a rickshaw puller is Rs
8,000 while an MNC employee earns an annual package of Rs 12,00,000. The average income
of this country, therefore, will be Rs 6,05,000. Here actual income or status remains
unknown. One can clearly consider this as a rich country thereby ignoring the income
disparity between two individuals. Averages are useful for comparison, they also hide
disparities.
Averages are used to simplify and summarize data, providing a single representative value. However, they possess limitations. Averages can be heavily influenced by outliers, skewing the data’s true representation. They overlook variations within the dataset, neglecting disparities and nuances. In development, relying solely on average indicators like income might hide inequalities within a country, misrepresenting the actual socio-economic conditions for the majority. Therefore, while useful, averages should be complemented with a deeper analysis to comprehend the full context.