Enzymes are specific in their action, meaning they are designed to break down only certain types of substances. Each enzyme targets a specific type of molecule, which is why not everything we consume, like coal or plastics, can be digested for energy.
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Enzymes in our body are highly specific catalysts that facilitate chemical reactions involved in digestion. They are designed to target specific substrates, which are molecules they act upon. The specificity of enzymes is crucial for the regulation of metabolic processes and the efficient breakdown of nutrients. Enzymes involved in digestion, such as amylases, proteases, and lipases, are tailored to work on carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, respectively.
Not all substances are substrates for the enzymes in our body. Enzymes have evolved to recognize and interact with specific molecular structures. Additionally, enzymes are regulated by various factors, including pH, temperature, and the presence of other molecules, ensuring they function optimally in specific conditions. This selectivity prevents enzymes from breaking down every substance indiscriminately, allowing for controlled and efficient digestion of the nutrients our bodies need.