Gradation in physical properties such as melting and boiling points occurs in a homologous series due to the increasing molecular size and mass. However, the presence of the same functional group ensures that chemical properties remain consistent across the series, as they are determined solely by the functional group’s structure and reactivity.
Why do compounds in a homologous series show gradation in physical properties but similar chemical properties?
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Compounds in a homologous series exhibit gradation in physical properties due to increasing molecular size and mass. As the series progresses, larger molecules experience stronger intermolecular forces, leading to higher boiling points and melting points. However, chemical properties remain similar because members of a homologous series share a common functional group or structural motif. This consistent molecular framework ensures analogous reactions and behavior, as chemical reactivity primarily depends on the arrangement of atoms within the molecules. The regularity in chemical properties stems from the homologous series’ shared structural features, allowing for systematic predictions and observations despite variations in physical characteristics.