NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 4
Social Science Class 10 History
The Age of Industrialisation 4
Important NCERT Questions Based on new NCERT Books for Session 2022-2023
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Questions No: 1
Why did some industrialists in nineteenth-century Europe prefer hand labour over machines?
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Some industrialists in nineteenth-century England preferred hand labour over machines because there was no labour shortage in the market, and as a result, there was no problem of high wage costs either. Industrialists did not wish to replace hand labour with machines that would require large capital investment. Also, in industries where the production and amount of labour required were dependent on the seasons, hand labour was preferred for its lower costs. Apart from this, many goods could only be manufactured by hand. Machines could provide mass quantities of a uniform product. But the demand was for intricate designs and shapes; this required human skill, and not mechanical technology. Handmade products also stood for refinement and class status. It was commonly believed that machine-made goods were for export to the colonies.
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In the 19th century Europe, certain industrialists favored hand labor over machines due to several reasons. Initially, machinery was expensive to install and maintain, making hand labor more cost-effective. Some distrusted early machines, prone to breakdowns, preferring the reliability of skilled human labor. Industries with a heritage of craftsmanship valued the precision achieved by artisans. Hand labor offered greater control over the workforce, allowing close supervision. Resistance to change stemmed from concerns about disrupting existing structures. Additionally, employing more workers by hand was seen as a means to address social stability concerns. However, with technological advancements proving efficiency and cost-effectiveness, many eventually embraced machinery, marking the transition toward widespread industrialization during the Industrial Revolution.