Which volcanic feature is used to generate ‘Geothermal Power’ in countries like Iceland and New Zealand?
Geothermal power is generated by tapping into subterranean hot water and steam found in volcanic regions. Magma close to the surface heats groundwater, which is then extracted through deep wells. This high-pressure steam is used to turn turbines and generate electricity. This provides a sustainable, low-carbon energy source for nations situated on active tectonic boundaries. ANSWER: (C) Subterranean hot water and steam
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The geographical advantage of volcanic regions is the accessibility of Earth’s internal heat. In countries like Iceland, New Zealand and the Philippines, subterranean steam and hot water are trapped in porous rock layers above magma chambers. By drilling production wells, this thermal energy is brought to the surface to drive power plant turbines. After generating electricity, the cooled water is often reinjected into the ground to sustain the reservoir. This “geothermal” geography allows these nations to reduce their reliance on fossil fuels, making volcanism an essential component of their national energy security and environmental sustainability.