Alauddin Khalji strongly resisted the interference of the ulama (religious scholars) in political decisions. He believed the state should be governed by practical needs, not religious opinions. His administrative and economic reforms were designed according to state interests and he declared that the Sultan’s political authority was independent of religious institutions. ANSWER: (C) Alauddin Khalji
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Alauddin Khalji firmly opposed the interference of the ulama—religious scholars—in state matters. He believed that governance should be based on political necessity rather than religious dictates. His strong and independent approach helped him maintain absolute royal authority. Alauddin openly stated that the state’s laws (zawabit) could differ from religious laws (sharia) because a king’s primary duty was to ensure stability, security and prosperity. By limiting the influence of the ulama, he strengthened administrative efficiency and military reforms. This separation of religion from governance allowed him to implement bold policies, including revenue reforms and strict law-and-order measures.