The process that does not occur in both light and sound is Polarization. Polarization is a phenomenon where waves oscillate in a specific direction perpendicular to their direction of propagation. While light waves can be polarized, sound waves are longitudinal and do not exhibit polarization. Therefore, polarization is unique to light waves and does not occur in sound waves.
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Among the processes listed, [C] Polarization does not occur in both light and sound. Polarization is a property of transverse waves where the oscillations occur in a single plane perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation. Light waves, being transverse electromagnetic waves, can be polarized by filtering out vibrations in specific orientations.
In contrast, sound waves are longitudinal waves, meaning the oscillations are along the direction of propagation. Sound waves do not exhibit polarization because their vibrations occur in a single direction aligned with the wave travel.
Diffraction, reflection, and refraction (options [A], [B], and [D]) occur in both light and sound. Diffraction is the bending of waves around obstacles, reflection is the bouncing back of waves from surfaces, and refraction is the bending of waves as they pass from one medium to another.
Thus, polarization stands out as the process unique to light waves and absent in sound waves, making it the correct answer.