In terms of linear extent, the Andes are the world’s largest mountain system. Stretching through seven South American countries, they cover a vast geographical area. Unlike the Himalayas, which are concentrated in a relatively compact arc, the Andes span nearly 60 degrees of latitude. This extreme length creates a diverse range of environments, from tropical glaciers to sub-arctic peaks. Geographically, they are unsurpassed in their continuous longitudinal extent, making them the most significant physical feature of the Western Hemisphere and a dominant influence on the ecology and climate of the entire South American continent.