Harmonic motion is a type of periodic motion where an object moves back and forth around an equilibrium position. It includes simple harmonic motion with constant amplitude and frequency. Examples include a pendulum and a vibrating spring. This motion follows Hooke’s law and is described by sine or cosine functions.
Chapter 13 of Class 11 Physics covers Oscillations for the CBSE Exam 2024-25. It explains periodic motion and simple harmonic motion with displacement, velocity, acceleration, and energy equations. Topics include damped and forced oscillations and resonance. The chapter also discusses the time period, frequency, phase, and applications of oscillatory motion in daily life and physics.
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In Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM), the restoring force is proportional to the displacement and acts in the opposite direction. A pendulum oscillating with a small amplitude follows this condition, where the restoring force is given by:
F = -mg sin(θ) ≈ -mgθ (for small angles, sin(θ) ≈ θ)
This makes the motion approximately simple harmonic.
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