Emperor Jahangir issued the ‘Twelve Ordinances’ upon his coronation in 1605. These were humanitarian decrees intended to announce his commitment to good governance and justice. Key ordinances included the prohibition of high-handed exactions, the abolition of the tax on pastures (tamgha) and the establishment of hospitals. This set of rules, often publicized via the Chain of Justice he installed, formed the initial policy framework of his reign, distinguishing it from his father Akbar’s rule.

The correct answer is (C) Jahangir.