The observation of a “chain of buds” under high power of the microscope typically refers to a characteristic feature observed in the budding yeast, which is a type of fungus. Yeasts, especially Saccharomyces cerevisiae, are commonly used in laboratory settings for various experiments and studies.

(i) Organism in Which “Chain of Buds” is Observed:
Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae): Yeast cells reproduce through a process called budding, and under high magnification, a chain of buds may be visible, indicating the successive stages of budding.

(ii) Process of Budding in Yeast:
Budding is an asexual mode of reproduction observed in yeast cells.

Here’s how the process works: (Initiation of Budding): A small protuberance or bud forms on the surface of a yeast cell. This bud gradually enlarges in size.
• Nucleus Division: The yeast cell’s nucleus undergoes division, resulting in two nuclei—one in the parent cell and one in the developing bud.
• Growth of the Bud: The bud continues to grow in size as more cellular components, including organelles and cytoplasm, are synthesized.
• Maturation of the Bud: The bud matures and eventually separates from the parent cell. At this point, it becomes an independent yeast cell.
• Repetition of the Process: The newly formed yeast cell (the bud) can initiate its own budding process, leading to the formation of a chain of buds.

Under the microscope at high power, a chain of buds may be observed, representing a sequence of yeast cells at different stages of budding. Each bud in the chain is essentially a daughter cell produced through the process of asexual reproduction.
This mode of reproduction allows yeast to rapidly multiply and adapt to changing environmental conditions. Budding is also a key feature in the fermentation process, where yeast cells are used to convert sugars into alcohol and carbon dioxide.