When we observed under high power of the microscope, ‘chain of buds’ is visible in the microscopic view. (i) In which organism can it be observed? (ii) Explain the process.

The observation of a “chain of buds” under high power of the microscope typically refers to a characteristic feature observed in the budding yeast, which is a type of fungus. Yeasts, especially Saccharomyces cerevisiae, are commonly used in laboratory settings for various experiments and studies.

(i) Organism in Which “Chain of Buds” is Observed:
Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae): Yeast cells reproduce through a process called budding, and under high magnification, a chain of buds may be visible, indicating the successive stages of budding.

(ii) Process of Budding in Yeast:
Budding is an asexual mode of reproduction observed in yeast cells.

Here’s how the process works: (Initiation of Budding): A small protuberance or bud forms on the surface of a yeast cell. This bud gradually enlarges in size.
• Nucleus Division: The yeast cell’s nucleus undergoes division, resulting in two nuclei—one in the parent cell and one in the developing bud.
• Growth of the Bud: The bud continues to grow in size as more cellular components, including organelles and cytoplasm, are synthesized.
• Maturation of the Bud: The bud matures and eventually separates from the parent cell. At this point, it becomes an independent yeast cell.
• Repetition of the Process: The newly formed yeast cell (the bud) can initiate its own budding process, leading to the formation of a chain of buds.

Under the microscope at high power, a chain of buds may be observed, representing a sequence of yeast cells at different stages of budding. Each bud in the chain is essentially a daughter cell produced through the process of asexual reproduction.
This mode of reproduction allows yeast to rapidly multiply and adapt to changing environmental conditions. Budding is also a key feature in the fermentation process, where yeast cells are used to convert sugars into alcohol and carbon dioxide.