A scientific theory requires modification or replacement by a new theory when it no longer adequately explains observed phenomena or when new evidence emerges that contradicts its predictions. Scientific theories are based on the best available evidence, but as knowledge advances and technology improves, our understanding of the natural world can evolve, necessitating changes to existing theories.
When does a scientific theory need modification or replacement by a new theory? Briefly explain giving suitable examples.
Share
A scientific theory needs modification or replacement when it can no longer adequately explain or predict observed phenomena, or when new evidence contradicts its predictions. This typically happens when the theory encounters anomalies or fails in certain situations where it was previously applicable, or when a more comprehensive or accurate theory is developed.
For example, Newtonian mechanics, which was widely accepted for centuries, was modified after experiments showed that it could not explain the motion of objects at very high speeds or in very strong gravitational fields. This led to the development of Einstein’s theory of relativity, which provides a more accurate description of gravity and motion at large scales and high velocities, replacing Newtonian physics in these contexts.
Similarly, classical electromagnetism could not explain phenomena on the atomic scale, such as the behavior of electrons. This limitation was addressed by the development of quantum mechanics, which replaced classical theories to explain the behavior of matter and energy at very small scales.
In both cases, the theories were not discarded entirely but were modified or extended to accommodate new data and observations, leading to a deeper and more complete understanding of the natural world.
For more please visit here:
https://www.tiwariacademy.com/ncert-solutions/class-11/physics/chapter-1/