What is the role of the seminal vesicles and the prostate gland?

The seminal vesicles and the prostate gland are two accessory reproductive glands in males that play crucial roles in the production and composition of semen, which is the fluid that carries and nourishes sperm during ejaculation.

1. Seminal Vesicles:

» Location: The seminal vesicles are located behind the bladder and are connected to the vas deferens, a duct that carries sperm from the testes.

» Function: The seminal vesicles contribute a significant portion of the fluid that makes up semen. This fluid contains various substances, including fructose (a sugar that provides energy for sperm), prostaglandins (which may have a role in sperm motility), and enzymes. The alkaline nature of the seminal vesicle fluid helps neutralize the acidic environment of the male urethra and the female reproductive tract, creating a more favorable environment for sperm survival and motility.

2. Prostate Gland:

» Location: The prostate gland is a small, walnut-sized gland situated just below the bladder and surrounds the urethra.

» Function: The prostate gland produces a milky fluid that also contributes to the composition of semen. This fluid contains enzymes, citric acid, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA). The enzymes help to liquefy the semen after ejaculation, aiding in the movement of sperm. PSA plays a role in the liquefaction process and may also help in the breakdown of cervical mucus, facilitating the entry of sperm into the uterus.

Together, the fluids produced by the seminal vesicles and the prostate gland mix with sperm from the testes as they travel through the vas deferens. This mixture forms semen, which is ejaculated from the penis during sexual climax. The combination of fluids from these accessory glands and sperm from the testes provides an optimal environment for sperm function, survival, and transport within the female reproductive tract.