What is irrigation? Describe two methods of irrigation which conserve water.

Irrigation is the controlled application of water to soil to support plant growth during insufficient rainfall or dry periods. Here are two water-conserving methods:

Drip Irrigation:
Drip irrigation is a highly efficient method that delivers water directly to plant roots through a network of tubes or hoses with emitters. By releasing water slowly and precisely at the root zone, this method significantly reduces water wastage due to evaporation or runoff. Its targeted approach ensures maximum water use efficiency, conserving substantial amounts compared to traditional methods.

Subsurface Irrigation:
Subsurface irrigation delivers water below the soil surface directly to the plant root zone, minimizing loss through evaporation and runoff. Using buried pipes or tubes that release water at a controlled rate beneath the soil, this method efficiently provides moisture to the roots, promoting better plant growth while conserving water.

Both drip and subsurface irrigation methods are highly effective in conserving water by minimizing waste and precisely delivering water to plant roots, thereby contributing to sustainable agricultural practices.