What hormonal changes are associated with puberty, and which hormones, testosterone and oestrogen, play a key role in these changes?

Puberty is marked by hormonal changes triggering physical and reproductive maturation. In males, the testes release testosterone, promoting the development of secondary sexual characteristics like facial hair and deepening voice. In females, the ovaries produce estrogen, initiating breast development and regulating the menstrual cycle. Both testosterone and estrogen contribute to the growth spurt, body hair development, and changes in fat distribution. These hormones play pivotal roles in shaping the physiological transformations associated with puberty, influencing the development of sexual characteristics and reproductive functions in both males and females.