The outer layer of a branch, formed by secondary meristem in the cortex, undergoes changes to produce cork, while the outer layer of a young stem does not yet have this specialized tissue.
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The outer layer, or epidermis, of a branch typically lacks the presence of distinct structures like stomata and lenticels found in young stem epidermis. Branch epidermis also tends to be thicker and more protective due to exposure to environmental elements. Unlike young stem epidermis, it doesn’t actively participate in gas exchange or facilitate water absorption.