Allylic halides have the halogen atom bonded to an sp³-hybridized carbon atom adjacent to a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C). The distinguishing feature is the location of the halogen atom in proximity to the double bond.
What distinguishes allylic halides from other halogenated compounds, and where is the halogen atom bonded in allylic halides?
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Allylic halides are distinguished by the presence of a halogen atom bonded to a carbon atom adjacent to a carbon-carbon double bond in an allylic position. The term “allylic” refers to this specific position in the molecule. In allylic halides, the halogen is bonded to the carbon atom adjacent to the sp²-hybridized carbon involved in the double bond. This unique positioning imparts distinctive reactivity to allylic halides, as they can undergo allylic substitution reactions. The resonance stabilization from the adjacent double bond enhances the stability of the allylic carbon, influencing the behavior and reactions of allylic halides compared to other halogenated compounds.