Metal ions like Ti³⁺ (d¹), V³⁺ (d²), Cr³⁺ (d³) exhibit similar magnetic behavior in both free ions and coordination entities as two vacant d orbitals are available for octahedral hybridization with 4s and 4p orbitals.
What complications arise in the magnetic behavior of metal ions with up to three electrons in the d orbitals?
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Metal ions with up to three electrons in the d orbitals exhibit complications in their magnetic behavior. For ions like Ti³⁺ (d¹), V³⁺ (d²), and Cr³⁺ (d³), the magnetic behavior of both free ions and their coordination entities is similar. However, when more than three 3d electrons are present (e.g., d⁴, d⁵, d⁶ cases), the necessary pair of 3d orbitals for octahedral hybridization is not directly available due to Hund’s rule. This leads to complexities, such as the need for pairing of 3d electrons in d⁴ and d⁵ cases, influencing the magnetic properties of the coordination compounds.