Transition metals readily form alloys due to similar radii and other characteristics. The resulting alloys are hard and often have high melting points, with ferrous alloys like chromium, vanadium, tungsten, molybdenum, and manganese being well-known for their use in various steels and stainless steel.
What characteristics of transition metals facilitate the formation of alloys, and what are some properties of the alloys formed by these metals?
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Transition metals’ characteristics, such as malleability, ductility, and variable oxidation states, facilitate the formation of alloys. Their ability to form metallic bonds and pack efficiently allows them to combine with other metals, creating solid solutions with improved properties. Alloying enhances mechanical strength, corrosion resistance, and hardness. For instance, steel, an iron-carbon alloy with added elements like chromium and nickel, exhibits increased strength and resistance to rusting. Brass, an alloy of copper and zinc, displays enhanced malleability and acoustic properties. Transition metal alloys find applications in diverse fields, including construction, electronics, and aerospace, owing to their tailored and improved material properties.