Xylem transports water and minerals from the soil to various parts of the plant, while phloem moves products of photosynthesis from leaves, where they are synthesized, to other plant tissues.
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Xylem and phloem are key components of the plant transport system. Xylem primarily transports water and minerals absorbed by roots from the soil to various parts of the plant, including leaves. This upward movement is critical for maintaining turgor pressure, cooling, and facilitating photosynthesis. Phloem, on the other hand, transports the products of photosynthesis, such as sugars, from the leaves, where they are synthesized, to other parts of the plant for growth, storage, and energy. Together, xylem and phloem form a coordinated vascular system, ensuring the bidirectional movement of essential substances, supporting plant development, and maintaining physiological processes.