NCERT Solution for Class 10 Science Chapter 6
Life Processes
NCERT Books for Session 2022-2023
CBSE Board and UP Board
Intext Questions
Page No-110
Questions No-3
What are the components of the transport system in highly organised plants?
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In highly organised plants, there are two different types of conducting tissues − xylem and phloem.
• Xylem conducts water and minerals obtained from the soil (via roots) to the rest of the plant.
• Phloem transports amino acids and food materials from the leaves to different parts of the plant body.
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The plant transport system in highly organized plants contains following:
(a) Xylem: To transport water and minerals from roots to other parts.
(b) Phloem: To transport food from leaves to other parts.
The transport system consists of Xylem and Phloem.
Xylem which have vessels and tracheids to transport water and minerals from root to other parts of the plant.
Phloem which consists of sieve tubes, sieve cells and companion cells transport food from leaves to storage organs and other parts of the plant.
In Xylem, the transport is unidirectional i.e., from root upward while in Phloem, it is bidirectional.
The transport system in highly organized plants, also known as vascular plants, consists of two main types of vascular tissues: xylem and phloem. These tissues are responsible for the transport of water, minerals, sugars, and other substances throughout the plant
1. Xylem:
» Tracheids and Vessels: These are elongated, tubular cells that form the main water-conducting elements in the xylem. Tracheids are present in all vascular plants, while vessels are found in angiosperms (flowering plants).
» Xylem Parenchyma: These are living cells that store food and contribute to lateral conduction of water and nutrients.
» Xylem Fibers: These are supportive cells that provide strength and rigidity to the xylem.
The primary function of xylem is to transport water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant.
2. Phloem:
» Sieve Tubes: These are the main conducting elements in the phloem. They are elongated cells arranged end-to-end, forming sieve tube members.
» Companion Cells: Each sieve tube member is associated with a companion cell, which helps in the loading and unloading of substances from the sieve tubes.
» Phloem Parenchyma: Living cells that provide storage and lateral conduction of nutrients.
» Phloem Fibers: Supportive cells that give strength to the phloem.
The primary function of phloem is to transport sugars produced in the leaves (mainly through photosynthesis) to other parts of the plant for growth, storage, and energy.
Cambium:
» Vascular Cambium: This is a layer of meristematic tissue located between the xylem and phloem. It is responsible for the secondary growth of the plant, leading to the formation of new xylem and phloem cells.
4. Vessels and Tracheids:
» These are tubular structures within the xylem responsible for the transport of water and minerals. Vessels are wider and found in angiosperms, while tracheids are present in both angiosperms and gymnosperms.
Together, these components make up the vascular system in plants, allowing for the efficient transport of water, nutrients, and sugars, supporting various physiological processes essential for plant growth and development.