What are pesticides and why are they used?

Pesticides are chemical substances or formulations designed to control, repel, or eliminate pests. These pests can include insects, fungi, weeds, rodents, and other organisms that threaten crops, public health, or the environment. Pesticides serve crucial roles in modern agriculture, addressing challenges that could otherwise lead to substantial crop losses. They help enhance food production by protecting crops from diseases, insect infestations, and competing plants, contributing to global food security.

In public health, pesticides are instrumental in controlling vectors of diseases, such as mosquitoes carrying malaria or ticks transmitting Lyme disease. This application helps prevent the spread of diseases among humans and animals. Additionally, pesticides are employed to safeguard stored food products from infestations during storage, ensuring the preservation of agricultural yields.

However, the use of pesticides raises environmental and health concerns. Overreliance on certain pesticides can lead to ecological imbalances, harm non-target species, and contribute to the development of pesticide-resistant pests. Striking a balance between the benefits of pest control and the potential risks associated with pesticide use is essential. Responsible and sustainable pesticide management practices, including integrated pest management (IPM), aim to minimize environmental and health impacts while effectively addressing pest-related challenges.