What are parallels of latitude and meridians of longitude?

Parallels of latitude are imaginary circles on the Earth’s surface that run parallel to the equator, which is the circle of latitude situated midway between the poles. These circles are horizontal and measure the distance north or south of the equator, expressed in degrees. The equator itself is considered the 0-degree parallel, and as one moves toward the poles, the latitude increases up to a maximum of 90 degrees at the North and South Poles. Parallels of latitude are essential for locating places on the Earth’s surface and understanding climatic patterns, as they influence the distribution of sunlight and temperature.

Meridians of Longitude:
Meridians of longitude are imaginary lines that run from the North Pole to the South Pole, connecting points of equal longitude. The prime meridian, located at 0 degrees, passes through Greenwich, London. Longitude is measured east and west from the prime meridian, ranging from 0 to 180 degrees east or west. These lines help establish a global coordinate system, allowing for precise location determination. The intersection of a parallel of latitude and a meridian of longitude defines a specific point on the Earth’s surface, providing a framework for navigation, mapping, and geographic referencing. The combination of parallels and meridians forms a grid system, facilitating accurate spatial representation and navigation on maps and globes.