To a person sitting hanging in water, his leg appears bent and small

To a person sitting and hanging in water, their leg appears bent and smaller due to refraction, which corresponds to option [A]. Refraction happens because light travels at different speeds in water compared to air. When light rays pass from water into air at an angle, such as when viewing a submerged object from above the water’s surface, they change direction due to the change in the medium’s optical density. This bending effect alters the apparent position and size of objects seen through the water, creating optical illusions. Objects partially submerged appear bent at the water’s surface, a phenomenon often observed in swimming pools or underwater photography. Understanding refraction is crucial in fields like optics, underwater exploration, and ophthalmology, where accurate knowledge of light’s behavior in different environments is essential for interpreting visual information and designing optical instruments.