The nature of sound waves is
Sound waves are longitudinal waves. They consist of compressions and rarefactions that travel through a medium, such as air, water, or solids. Unlike transverse waves, which oscillate perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation, longitudinal waves oscillate parallel to the direction of wave travel, transmitting energy through successive particle vibrations.
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Sound waves are longitudinal waves; option [B], meaning they propagate through the oscillation of particles parallel to the direction of wave travel. These waves consist of alternating compressions and rarefactions, where particles in the medium are pushed closer together and then spread apart, respectively. This sequential particle movement transmits energy through the medium, allowing sound to travel.
Unlike transverse waves, which oscillate perpendicular to their direction of propagation (such as water waves or electromagnetic waves), longitudinal waves require a material medium (like air, water, or solids) to travel. In a vacuum, where no particles exist to vibrate, sound cannot propagate. The speed of sound varies depending on the medium, being faster in solids and slower in gases due to differences in particle density and elasticity.
Understanding the longitudinal nature of sound waves is crucial in fields such as acoustics, audio engineering, and various scientific applications, where controlling and manipulating sound waves is essential.