The gravitational force between Earth and Sun keeps Earth in its orbit. What primarily determines this force?
The force depends on mass and distance.
Prepare a set of multiple-choice questions (MCQs) for Chapter 7, “Gravitation,” from the NCERT Class 11 Physics textbook, in accordance with the CBSE syllabus for the 2024–2025 academic session. The questions should thoroughly address fundamental concepts such as the universal law of gravitation, gravitational force and the concept of acceleration due to gravity. Additionally, include topics like the variation of gravity with altitude and depth, orbital motion, escape velocity and Kepler’s laws of planetary motion.
The MCQs should be concise, precise and structured to evaluate the students’ conceptual understanding, analytical abilities and application of principles related to gravitation. Each question must provide four options, out of which only one is correct, ensuring a range of difficulty levels to cater to all learners. The goal is to assist students in grasping essential concepts while preparing effectively for exams and understanding the practical applications of gravitational principles.
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The gravitational force between the Earth and the Sun is primarily determined by:
1. **Mass of the Sun (Mₛ):**
The Sun’s mass is a key factor in the gravitational force. The larger the mass of the Sun, the stronger the gravitational pull it exerts on the Earth.
2. **Mass of the Earth (Mₑ):**
The Earth’s mass also contributes to the gravitational force. The force is proportional to the product of the two masses (Mₛ * Mₑ).
3. **Distance between Earth and Sun (r):**
The distance between the Earth and the Sun plays a critical role in determining the gravitational force. According to the inverse square law, the gravitational force decreases with the square of the distance (1/r²).
The gravitational force is mathematically given by:
F = G * (Mₛ * Mₑ) / r²
Where:
F = gravitational force
G = gravitational constant (approximately 6.674 × 10^-11 N m²/kg²)
Mₛ = mass of the Sun (approximately 1.989 × 10^30 kg)
Mₑ = mass of the Earth (approximately 5.972 × 10^24 kg)
r = average distance between Earth and Sun (approximately 1.496 × 10^11 m)
Key Point:
The two most significant factors in determining the gravitational force are the masses of the Earth and the Sun, and the distance between them.
This question related to Chapter 7 physics Class 11th NCERT. From the Chapter 7. Gravitation. Give answer according to your understanding.
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