The functional unit of the kidney is

The functional unit of the kidney is [C] Nephron. Nephrons are complex microscopic structures responsible for the filtration of blood and the formation of urine in the kidneys. Each kidney contains millions of nephrons. Each nephron consists of a renal corpuscle, comprising the glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule, and a renal tubule. The renal tubule further includes the proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, and collecting duct. Blood is filtered in the renal corpuscle, where waste products and excess substances are removed from the blood and converted into urine.
The renal tubule then processes this filtrate, reabsorbing essential substances such as water, glucose, and electrolytes, and secreting waste products into the urine. The nephron’s intricate structure and physiological functions play a crucial role in maintaining electrolyte balance, regulating blood pressure, and eliminating waste products from the body.