The fluctuations in the frequency of a sound source are called the Doppler effect. This phenomenon occurs when there is relative motion between the sound source and the observer, causing the observed frequency to increase as they approach each other and decrease as they move apart.
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The fluctuations in the frequency of a sound source are called the Doppler effect (Option B). The Doppler effect is a change in the frequency of a wave in relation to an observer who is moving relative to the wave source. This effect is most commonly experienced with sound waves. When a sound source moves toward an observer, the sound waves are compressed, resulting in a higher frequency or pitch (an effect called a blue shift). Conversely, when the sound source moves away from the observer, the sound waves are stretched, leading to a lower frequency or pitch (an effect called a red shift). This principle not only applies to sound waves but also to electromagnetic waves, such as light. The Doppler effect has practical applications in various fields, including astronomy, radar and sonar technology, medical imaging (Doppler ultrasound), and even in everyday phenomena like the changing pitch of a passing siren. Understanding this effect is essential in analyzing the motion and speed of objects relative to an observer.