The entire charge of a charged conductor

The entire charge of a charged conductor remains on its outer surface (option B). This phenomenon occurs because of the repulsive forces between like charges. When a conductor is charged, the charges redistribute themselves in such a way that they are as far apart as possible to minimize repulsive forces. This results in the charges moving to the outer surface of the conductor, creating an equilibrium state. Inside a conductor, the electric field is zero, so there is no force driving the charges to stay on the inner surface. This principle is fundamental to electrostatics and explains why the charges on a conductor reside entirely on the outer surface. Unlike insulators, where charges can remain stationary, conductors allow for the free movement of charges to achieve this state. Thus, the entire charge of a charged conductor resides on its outer surface.