The correct ascending order based on eruption intensity is Hawaiian, Strombolian, Vulcanian and Pelean. Hawaiian types are the gentlest, featuring fluid lava. Strombolian types involve mild, regular explosions. Vulcanian eruptions are more violent with dense ash clouds. Pelean types are the most catastrophic, characterized by highly viscous magma that causes explosive lateral blasts and deadly, high-speed, glowing pyroclastic flows. ANSWER: (D) Hawaiian, Strombolian, Vulcanian, Pelean
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Volcanic eruptions are classified by their violence and the viscosity of their magma. Hawaiian eruptions are the least intense, producing fluid basaltic lava flows. Strombolian eruptions follow, involving moderate bursts of glowing cinders. Vulcanian eruptions are significantly more powerful, launching dark, ash-laden clouds and solid rock fragments. At the peak of intensity is the Pelean type, named after Mount Pelée. These are characterized by extremely thick magma that traps gases until they explode, generating nuées ardentes or pyroclastic flows. This scale helps seismologists categorize the danger levels associated with different volcanic structures and their specific tectonic settings.