State whether true or false — (e) Ganga is a tributary to the Yamuna. (f) Deserts have unique flora and fauna. (g) Melting snow feeds rivers. (h) Sediments from rivers deposited in the plains makes the land fertile. (i) All deserts are hot.

(e) False. The Ganga is the primary river, while the Yamuna is one of its main tributaries. They meet at Prayagraj in a famous confluence, significant in Hinduism. Many tributaries feed into the Ganga, which flows from the Himalayas to the Bay of Bengal. The relationship between these rivers highlights India’s interconnected river systems, supporting agriculture, biodiversity, and cultural practices across northern India.

(f) True. Deserts contain specialized ecosystems with flora and fauna adapted to extreme conditions, such as high temperatures and scarce water. Cacti and thorny shrubs conserve water, while animals like camels and desert foxes endure long periods without drinking. These adaptations enable desert species to thrive in arid landscapes, showcasing nature’s resilience and the diversity of life that can exist even in harsh environments with limited resources.

(g) True. Snowmelt from high-altitude regions, such as the Himalayas, is a primary water source for rivers, especially during warmer months. As snow and glaciers melt, they release water that flows downstream, feeding major rivers like the Ganga. This process ensures a consistent water supply, supporting agriculture, drinking water, and ecosystems. Snow-fed rivers play a critical role in maintaining water availability, particularly in regions reliant on seasonal snowmelt.

(h) True. Sediment deposition by rivers in floodplains results in fertile soil, ideal for agriculture. These sediments carry nutrients that replenish the soil, supporting crop growth and dense human populations. The Gangetic plains, enriched by the Ganga’s deposits, are among the world’s most fertile regions. This natural process is crucial for sustaining agriculture in plains, contributing significantly to food production and economic activity in fertile river valleys.

(i) False. Deserts are characterized by low rainfall rather than temperature. While hot deserts like the Sahara experience extreme heat, cold deserts like the Gobi face freezing temperatures. Both types share arid conditions, but their climates differ significantly. This distinction highlights the diverse environments where desert flora and fauna have evolved unique adaptations to survive, emphasizing that deserts can exist across various temperature ranges globally, not only in hot climates.

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