State the universal law of gravitation.

Here are the key points regarding the universal law of gravitation:

1. Attraction between Objects: Every object in the universe attracts every other object.
2. Proportional to Mass: The force of attraction is directly proportional to the product of the masses of the objects involved. Larger masses exert a stronger gravitational force.
3. Inverse Square Relationship: The force of gravity decreases as the square of the distance between the centers of the objects increases. This means that as objects move farther apart, the gravitational force between them becomes weaker.
4. Formulated by Newton: Sir Isaac Newton formulated this law, represented mathematically as F = G x ((m₁ x m₂)/r²), where F is the gravitational force, G is the gravitational constant, m₁ and m₂ are the masses of the objects, and r is the distance between their centers.
5. Explains Celestial Motion: This law explains fundamental phenomena like planetary orbits around the Sun, the gravitational pull of celestial bodies, and the attraction between objects on Earth.

These points encapsulate the fundamental aspects of Newton’s universal law of gravitation, which describes the gravitational interactions between all objects in the universe.