(i) The differential heating and cooling of land and water creates low
pressure on the landmass of India, while the seas around experience
comparatively high Pressure.
(ii) The shift in the position of Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)
in summer over the Ganga plain is a trough of low pressure in the
equatorial latitude. This is where the northeast and the southeast trade
winds converge.
(iii) The presence of the high pressure, area, east of Madagascar also affects
the Indian monsoons.
(iv) The Tibetan plateau gets intensely heated during summer, which results
in the formation of low pressure area over the plateau.
(v) The movement of the westerly jet streams to the north of the Himalayas
and the presence of tropical easterly jet streams over the Indian Peninsula
during summers, also affects the mechanism of monsoon.